Ukuvula ubuso kwii-smartphones ze-Android kutshintshe indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nezixhobo zethu. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa edlulileyo, ukuvula ifowuni yakho usebenzisa ukubonwa kobuso yayiyinto ephuma kwintsomi yesayensi, kodwa namhlanje yinyani efumaneka kwiifowuni ezininzi, zombini ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nomgangatho ophakathi, kunye neemodeli ezifikelelekayo. Ukuqonda ukuba ezi nkqubo zisebenza njani, indlela i-2D ne-3D teknoloji eyahluka ngayo, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, indlela ezikhuseleke ngayo kwaye zisebenza ngayo ngokwenene kuye kwabaluleka kakhulu kwabo bajonge ukukhetha isixhobo esitsha okanye ukwenza uninzi lwesakhono sefowuni yabo yangoku.
Kweli nqaku siza kuhlalutya nzulu ukusebenza kwe Ukuvulwa kobuso be-2D kunye ne-3D kwizixhobo ze-Android, zeziphi iingenelo kunye nezithintelo ngasinye esizinikezayo, zivela njani xa zithelekiswa nenkqubo ye-ID yoBuso ye-Apple, yeyiphi imingcipheko ekhoyo kunye nezicelo, kunye nendlela itekhnoloji eqhubeka ngayo nokuqhubela phambili ngeendlela ezintsha ezifana ne-polarization kunye ne-TOF sensors. Sinikezela ngoshwankathelo olubanzi, olungqongqo, kunye nolubanzi, kunye nawo onke ama-nuances abalulekileyo ukukunceda uqonde yonke into ngaphandle kwejargon yobuchwephesha obungeyomfuneko, kodwa ngaphandle kokushiya naluphi na ulwazi oluyimfuneko.
Yintoni ukuqondwa kobuso kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni namhlanje?
Ukuqaphela ubuso bubuchwepheshe bebhayometriki evumela ukuba umntu aqondwe okanye angqinwe ngokusekelwe ebusweni bakhe. Isebenzisa ii-algorithms eziphucukileyo kunye neesensom zefoto ukuhlalutya iimpawu zobuso bomsebenzisi kwaye uzithelekise kunye nezo zigcinwe ngaphambili kwisixhobo okanye kwisiseko sedatha ethile.
Ayisosixhobo nje sokuvula iifowuni eziphathwayoOkwangoku, ukuqondwa kobuso kunezicelo kwiindawo ezininzi:
- Ukhuseleko kunye nomthetho: Isetyenziswa kuphando lwasenkundleni, kulawulo lwemida, ukucupha kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, kunye nokukhangela abantu abalahlekileyo okanye abarhanelekayo.
- Ezempilo: Ivumela yonke into ukusuka ekulandeleni iipateni zesifo ukuya ekuququzeleleni ukhathalelo lwezonyango olukude kunye nokuphucula ukufikeleleka.
- Ibhanki kunye nokuthengisa: Iququzelela iintlawulo eziphathwayo, ulawulo lofikelelo kwiiofisi okanye kwimisitho, kunye nokuzenzela unikezelo kunye neenkonzo.
Iinkampani ezinkulu zetekhnoloji ezifana neGoogle, Facebook, Amazon, Android, kunye neApple ziye zamkela ukuqondwa kobuso kungekuphela nje ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, kodwa nokwenza lula ubomi babasebenzisi bemihla ngemihla. ESpain, sele sifumana imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiibhasi zikamasipala eMadrid, e-Estación Sur ukuchonga izaphuli-mthetho, nakwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezininzi zokukhwela ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu abonakalayo.
Ukusebenza okusisiseko kokuvula ubuso: amanyathelo kunye nobuchwepheshe
Inkqubo yokuqaphela ubuso inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amathathu:
- Ukufunyanwa: Inkqubo ibeka ubuso ngaphakathi komfanekiso usebenzisa ikhamera yangaphambili okanye ezinye izinzwa.
- Thatha kunye nokwenza idijithali: Iimpawu zobuso ziguqulelwa kwiipateni zemathematika okanye ze-biometric, ukugcina ulwazi malunga nomgama phakathi kwamehlo, ukumila komlomo, ukuphakama kwe-cheekbone, njl.
- Ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuchongwa: Xa umsebenzisi ezama ukuvula isixhobo, inkqubo ithelekisa iimpawu ezithathwe ngelo xesha kunye netemplate erekhodiweyo ngaphambili ukugqiba ukuba ngumntu ofanayo.
Le teknoloji iphunyezwe ngokukodwa ngeendlela ezimbini kwiifowuni ze-Android: ngeenkqubo ze-2D kunye ne-3D. Ngezantsi siza kuqhekeza zombini iindlela nzulu.
Ukuvula ngobuso be-2D kwi-Android: Isebenza Njani kwaye Yeyiphi imida Yayo?
I-2D Face Unlock isebenzisa kuphela ikhamera engaphambili yesixhobo ukufota umfanekiso wobuso bakho. Ukusebenzisa i-algorithms yohlalutyo lwejometri, ithelekisa amanqaku aphambili kunye neepatheni kunye nesithombe esirekhodiweyo ngexesha lokuseta inkqubo.
Izinto eziluncedo zokuqondwa kobuso be-2D:
- Isantya: Ikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye akukho nakuphi na ukulibaziseka okubonakalayo kumsebenzisi.
- Lula: Ifuna kuphela ikhamera yangaphambili, ngoko inokufumaneka nakwiifowuni zebhajethi ngaphandle kwe-hardware eyongezelelweyo.
- Thuzelo: Ikuvumela ukuba uvule ifowuni yakho ngaphandle kokuba uyichukumise okanye ukhumbule amagama ayimfihlo.
Unyino lweenkqubo ze-2D zibalulekile, ngakumbi malunga nokhuseleko:
- Ukuba sesichengeni ngokulula: Ezinye izixhobo ezindala ze-Android zinokuvulwa ngokulula ngokubonisa ifoto yomnini.
- Iimeko zokukhanya: Ukusebenza kuyehla ngokubonakalayo kwiindawo ezimnyama.
- Ayibuboni ubunzulu: Akakwazi ukwahlula ubuso bokwenene kumfanekiso osicaba okanye isigqubuthelo sobuso.
- Izilumkiso zomenzi: Iimpawu ezifana ne-Samsung kunye ne-LG zilumkisa ukuba ukuvula ngobuso be-2D kukhuseleke kancinci kwaye kucebise ezinye iindlela ezifana ne-PIN, ipateni, okanye igama lokugqitha ukukhusela idatha ebuthathaka.
Icala eliphakamileyo laliyi-Forbes experiment, apho inkqubo yee-smartphones ezine ze-Android zikhohliswe ngentloko eprintiweyo ye-3D, ngelixa i-iPhone X, ene-Face ID, yaxhathisa ukulinganisa. Oku kwenza kucace ukuba ukhuseleko sisithende se-Achilles se-2D yokuqaphela ubuso.
Ukuqondwa kobuso be-3D: luphucula njani ukhuseleko lwe-smartphone
Ukutsiba okusemgangathweni kuza nokuvulwa kobuso kwe-3D, inkqubo ephucuke kakhulu esebenzisa abenzi boluvo abaninzi ukuchonga umsebenzisi kumacala amathathu. Ayihlalutyi kuphela iimpawu ezibonakalayo, kodwa kunye nobunzulu, imigama, kunye ne-topography ethile yobuso bomnini.
Izinto eziphambili ze-3D Ukuvula ngobuso:
- Ikhamera ye-infrared: Ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ebumnyameni obupheleleyo kwaye uhlukanise phakathi komfanekiso osicaba kunye nobuso bokwenyani.
- Dot projektha: Ikhupha amawakawaka amachaphaza angabonakaliyo ebusweni anceda ukuyila imephu enemacala amathathu awodwa.
- I-TOF (Ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya) abenzi boluvo: Kwiimodeli ezibukhali ezinje ngeVivo, balinganisa ixesha elithathwayo ukuze ukukhanya kugqabhuke, ukufumana imodeli yevolumetric echanekileyo.
Umzekelo we-iconic: I-ID yobuso be-Apple isebenzisa indibaniselwano yamachaphaza angabonakaliyo angama-30.000, ikhamera ye-infrared, isibane esincedisayo, kunye nokufunda koomatshini ukufikelela kwinqanaba elincinci lempazamo. Ngokutsho kwe-Apple ngokwayo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu ongamaziyo avule ifowuni yakho ngengozi enye kwisigidi, iphezulu kakhulu kunesenzwa yeminwe.
Kwi-Android, abavelisi abanjengoXiaomi (kwimodeli efana ne-Mi 8 Explorer Edition), i-OPPO (Fumana i-X), okanye i-Vivo (enenkqubo yayo ye-TOF 3D) baye bazisa ubugcisa obufanayo okanye obuthembisayo ngakumbi kwintsimi ye-3D yokuqaphela ubuso.
Izinto eziluncedo zokuqondwa kobuso be-3D:
- Ubuninzi bokhuseleko: Akunakwenzeka ngenene ukulinganisa umsebenzisi usebenzisa iifoto, iimaski, okanye imifanekiso eprintiweyo.
- Ukuthembeka kwiimeko ezimbi: Isebenza ngokuchanekileyo nakubumnyama obupheleleyo okanye ngotshintsho oluphakathi kwinkangeleko yomsebenzisi.
- Inkxaso yeentlawulo ezinovakalelo kunye nofikelelo: Ikuvumela ukuba ugunyazise ukuthengiselana kwebhanki, ungene kwii-apps ezibalulekileyo, okanye ufikelele kwidatha ekhuselweyo.
Imida: Iindleko zokuphunyezwa ziphezulu, kwaye ayingabo bonke abavelisi be-Android abaye bahambelana nokusebenza kwe-ID yoBuso, nangona intsingiselo icacile malunga nolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe.
Yintoni ebeka ukuvulwa kobuso okuphucukileyo ngaphandle kokunye? Iimeko zamva nje kunye neendlela
Iinkqubo zokuvula ubuso eziphucukileyo zinokubona ubunzulu, umthamo, kunye neenkcukacha zobuso ezizodwa, ezibandakanya i-AI ukulungelelanisa utshintsho kwimbonakalo yobuso, ukusetyenziswa kweeglasi, iminqwazi, okanye amanxeba amatsha.
Uthelekiso phakathi kweemodeli ezibonakalayo:
- iPhone X (Apple): Idibanisa ikhamera ejonge ngaphambili, ikhamera ye-infrared, iprojekti yamachaphaza, kunye nenethiwekhi ye-neural. Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, imephu enamachokoza angama-30.000, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwangoko.
- I-Xiaomi Mi 8 (uHlelo loMhloli): Ikhupha ukukhanya kwe-infrared, ine-TOF yenzwa yomgama kunye neprojekti ye-matrix ye-dot, edibanisa i-AI ukuqondwa kakuhle kunye nokude.
- Uyaphila: Yazisa inkqubo ye-3D TOF ekwaziyo ukwenza imephu ukuya kuthi ga kumanqaku angama-300.000 obuso, ithiyori igqwese inkqubo ye-Apple ngesisombululo kunye neenkcukacha.
- I-OPPO Fumana i-X: Isebenzisa imodyuli ehlanjululwayo kunye neekhamera eziphambili, i-15.000-dot array projector, kunye ne-infrared sensors, ngelixa igcina ukhuseleko oluphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-2D.
Umkhwa wokuhlanganisa ezi sistim kwiimodeli ezininzi kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa izinzwa ze-TOF ezintsha ezingafumani nje ubuso bethu kodwa zikwazi ukubona izijekulo, iintshukumo, kunye neemvakalelo.
